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Home » CO2 Heat Pumps
An image of the Roxsta G6 CO2 refrigeration system manufacturered by Vitalis for the Pennsylvania facility.

Pennsylvania Food Processor Installing 185kW Vitalis CO2 Refrigeration Compressor Rack

The Roxsta G6 unit will blast-freeze steamed dumplings at an evaporating temperature of −42°C at the Bethlehem facility.

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An image of a presentation at the Vahterus Heat Pump Form 2026, discussing natural refrigerants in industrial and heat pump applications.

High-Temperature Heat Pumps Standardized at up to 130°C, with Demos Pushing Beyond 160°C, Says Danish Technological Institute

Of the more than 40 entries in the IEA’s HTHP Project 68 database, 75% use natural refrigerants, with outlet temperatures up to 300°C.

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REEF

ATMO America: Experts Chart Path for Natural Refrigerants in HVAC

Êffecterra is developing a CO2 chiller/heat pump while DMG North offers training on a CO2 heat pump; Aris Hydronics is piloting R290 air-to-water heat pumps while UC Davis is researching advances in R290 air-to-water heat pumps.

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An image of Tom Brown, Senior Product Manager at Accel Air Systems, presenting at ATMO America 2026.

ATMO America: Flow Environmental Systems CO2 Heat Pumps Help Major American Tech Company Decarbonize

The water-to-water units replace legacy gas boilers, upgrading heat recovered from data center cooling to deliver 180°F hydronic and domestic hot water.

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A Hanon Systems R744 e-compressor. Photo credit: Hanon Systems

Hanon Systems Estimates TFA Levels Generated by Automotive F-Gas Emissions

The manufacturer’s new report calculates past and future generation of the ultrashort-chain PFAS in the atmosphere, pointing out the availability of natural alternatives.

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An image of two Biaggini Frigoriferi CO2 heat pumps installed in a Swiss railroad station.

Two Biaggini Frigoriferi CO2 Heat Pumps Decarbonize Swiss Railway Station, Delivering 412kW of Heating Capacity

The ground-sourced reversible units can simultaneously provide 660kW of cooling capacity for air-conditioning, says the project manager.

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A Vitalis CO2 rack at IIAR 2026

IIAR 2026: Vitalis Details CO2 Revenue Growth, Projects and New Oil Management Vessels

The company doubled its revenue year-over-year ‘largely due to racks,’ according to Luke Redd, Head of Marketing.

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Advansor's SteelXL Heat Pump uses CO2 refrigerant.

Advansor Announces New CO2 Heat Pump With Up to 50MW of Heating Capacity in Parallel Installation

The new SteelXL Heat Pumps offer up to 5MW of heating and 3MW of cooling capacity with water outlet temperatures of 95°C.

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AHR Expo

Numerous CO2-Based Products to be Featured at AHR Expo 2026

CO2 heat pumps, racks, condensing units, compressors, valves, tubes and oil separators will be exhibited at the event, scheduled for February 2–4, 2026, in Las Vegas.

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Tequs is displaying two of its CO2 heat pumps at Chillventa 2024.

Tequs to Receive €1.03 million to Develop Next-Generation CO2 Heat Pump

The Research Council of Norway funding will support development of a dynamic R744 heat pump designed for high return-temperature applications.

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Clade’s CO2 heat pumps being installed at the Orford Jubilee Neighbourhood Hub. Photo credit: Clade

Five CO2 Heat Pumps from Clade Replace Gas Boilers at Leisure Center in Northern England

The R744 system provides space heating, domestic hot water and heating for the two swimming pools at Warrington’s Orford Jubilee Neighbourhood Hub.

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CO2 Heat Pump LYD

Chinese CO2 Heat Pump Manufacturer LYD Open to New Partnerships, Including OEMs, Says Sales Manager

The company, founded in 2015, has 200 CO2 units installed globally, with capacities
from 8kW to 1MW offered in various configurations

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Water-to-air CO2 heat pumps manufactured by LYD. Photo credit: LYD

Interview: LYD Sales Manager Highlights the Company’s CO2 Heat Pump Projects in China

LYD has installed 140 CO2 heat pumps in China.

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Flow

High-Temperature CO2 Heat Pump Team Is Runner-Up in New York’s Empire Technology Prize

Flow Environmental Systems, Ambient Enterprises and Gil-Bar Industries are announced as $100,000 second-place prize winner.

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Nokia CO2 District Heating

Nokia’s R&D and Manufacturing Campus in Finland Has ‘One of the World’s Largest CO2 District Heating and Cooling Plants’

The factory and R&D site is located in Oulu and will supply the town’s utility with enough waste heat to warm up to 20,000 homes.

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Medors Renewable Energy’s CO2 heat pump-chiller installed on the roof of a hotel in Goa, India.

Adaptation 2025: Field Data Confirms CO2 Heat Pump-Chiller Efficiency in Hotel in Goa, India

Initial observations have shown the system can successfully produce hot water at 80°C while simultaneously delivering glycol–water at 2°C for air-conditioning.

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The Laars E-Therm CO2 hot water heat pump was installed at 850 Bryant Ave. in the Bronx. Photo Credit: Contractor Mag

New York Apartment Complex Installs 95kW CO2 Hot Water Heat Pump

The heat pump supplies outlet water temperatures of around 170°F for the 48-unit building in the Bronx.

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The Mercure Hotel in Southbank Melbourne, Australia. Photo credit: Accor Hotels

ATMO Australia: Mercure Hotel Cuts Hot Water Energy Use by 82% with Two 70kW CO2 Heat Pumps

The Melbourne hotel has also seen significantly reduced operational costs and emissions since replacing its existing gas boilers.

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Christopher Paulson, MB Group, presenting about CO2 HVAC&R at ATMO Australia Summit 2025.

ATMO Australia: MB Group Has Installed 50 CO2 Systems in Australia

The Australian HVAC&R contractor sees emerging opportunities for R744 in industrial refrigeration, data centers and water-heating applications.

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CO2 Heat Pump Hospital

CO2 Heat Pump Water Heaters Support All-Electric Hospital Expansion in Melbourne

Automatic Heating supplied eight Revere 80kW CHP-80Y2 units to the new 12-story clinical tower, powered solely with renewable energy.

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Enerblue’s natural refrigerant-based Iridium and Palladium heat pumps on display at ISH 2025.

ISH 2025: Enerblue Introduces Extended Five-Year Warranty for Natural Refrigerant Portfolio

The Italian manufacturer offers a wide range of R290 and CO2 heat pump and chiller units for commercial and industrial applications.

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Multistack’s concept CO2-based hot water heat pump on display at AHR 2025.

AHR 2025: Multistack Unveils Concept CO2 Heat Pump for Commercial Hot Water Applications

The unit, which is not yet commercially available, can produce hot water temperatures up to 65.6°C with a 55.6°C lift.

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Valeo has supplied components for the R744 heat pump used in Volkswagen EVs.

Valeo Prepares for PFAS Ban with Development of CO2 and Propane Heat Pumps for Electric Vehicles

The French automotive components manufacturer said it welcomes the proposed PFAS ban and stands for limiting the transportation industry’s environmental impact.

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Vitalis at the 2025 AHR Expo

AHR 2025: Universities Driving CO2 Heat Pump Adoption in North America, Says Vitalis

According to the Canadian OEM, universities are choosing CO2 heat pumps for their district energy networks due to the technology’s sustainability and favorable lifecycle costs.

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Fenagy approved for ATMO Approved Natural Refrigerant Label

ATMOsphere Reapproves Fenagy’s Natural Refrigerants Label for Second Time

The ATMO Approved label is a global gold standard highlighting best-in-class manufacturers and contractors of natural refrigerant systems and components.

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The three Fenagy CO2 heat pumps are housed in a 126-year-old former power station in downtown Copenhagen. Photo credit: HOFOR and Fenagy

HOFOR Sets Benchmark for Decarbonized District Heating and Cooling with Integrated CO2 Heat Pump Project

Three Fenagy heat pumps connect to Copenhagen’s district heating and cooling networks, capturing surplus energy from one system to use in the other.

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Eberspächer’s new CO2-based AC138

Eberspächer to Build R744 Thermal Management System for eBuses at New Facility in Poland

The site will increase Eberspacher’s manufacturing capacity by roughly one-third, with up to 20,000 units being produced at the facility each year.

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Trevor Day, U.K. Industrial Sales Manager for Carrier Commercial Refrigeration

ATMO Europe: CO2 Heat Pumps Help Cut Energy Costs for U.K. Strawberry Grower by 50%

Two heat pumps from Carrier Commercial Refrigeration were installed at the industrial greenhouse alongside a combined heat and power plant.

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The Harvest Pod, which controls the Harvest heat pump system.

Harvest to Ramp Up Production of Its Smart CO2 Home Heat Pump After Receiving $1.6 Million California State Grant

The company can now go from producing hundreds of units per year to thousands and eventually tens of thousands, according to its CEO and Co-Founder.

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Nadine Neuberger, Management Assistant and Head of Marketing at Teko, on stage at ATMO Europe 2024.

ATMO Europe: Teko Announces New Business Unit for Commercial and Industrial CO2 Heat Pumps and Chillers

“There is a huge opportunity, and we have to serve it,” said Nadine Neuberger, Management Assistant and Head of Marketing at Teko.

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Temprite's oil separators on display at Chillventa 2024.

Chillventa 2024: Temprite Seeing Increased Demand for CO2 Components in District Heating and Other Larger Systems

The U.S.-based component manufacturer is seeing demand for R744 grow on both sides of the Atlantic.

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CO2 heat pumps

Tequs Says It Has Earned the ‘World’s First’ Ecodesign Certification for HTHP Space Heating Using CO2

With Ecodesign certification achieved, Tequs said it will target expanded use of CO₂ heat pumps across high-demand applications in Europe.

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The new Smart Heat Pump will be available in air-to-water and water-to-water models. Photo credit: Fenagy

Chillventa 2024: SCM Frigo and Fenagy Launch CO2 Heat Pump for Commercial and Light-Industrial Applications

The Smart Heat Pump range consists of 11 water-to-water and seven air-to-water models, covering capacities of 30–300kW.

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Busworld R744 HVAC

Busworld 2023 sees rising number of R744-based HVAC systems.

ATMOsphere delegates interviewed Karsten Mundt, Sales Director International – Bus Division, of Konvekta, a Germany-based OEM specialized in air-conditioning, heating, ventilation and refrigeration for earthbound utility vehicles with natural refrigerants,…

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Tequs is displaying two of its CO2 heat pumps at Chillventa 2024.

Chillventa 2024: Tequs Targets U.S. Market with CO2 Heat Pump Expansion Plans

The Norwegian company is eyeing the North American market with UL certification underway and field testing slated for 2025.

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Casper Christiansen

Chillventa 2024: Advansor Adds Cooling Function to CO2 Commercial Heat Pump

The Danish OEM has unveiled the plug-and-play ValueBox system at Chillventa

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EVs Thermal Management

A Need for Full-Secondary Loop Thermal Management Systems in EVs Could Give Propane an Edge Over CO2

Stefan Elbel, Head of TU Berlin Department of Heat Transfer and Heat Conversion, explained why in an interview at the ATMO MAC Summit.

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Attendees walk the exhibition floor at Chillventa.

Chillventa 2024: SCM Frigo and Fenagy to Unveil Jointly Developed CO2 Heat Pump

The companies will also exhibit individual products, with SCM Frigo showing a new CO2 condensing unit and Fenagy a new isobutane heat pump.

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Fenagy CO2 Heat Pump

Danish Water Park Upgrades Heating System with Fenagy 300kW CO2 Heat Pump

It replaces an oil-fired boiler and an R404 heat pump, saving 503,333kWh of energy annually, and has a five-year payback period.

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Creamery CO2 Heat Pump

California Creamery to Install CO2 Heat Pump in ‘First-of-its-Kind’ Use at Industrial Commercial Scale

The state-funded project seeks to save energy and cut emissions using a unit manufactured by Flow Environmental Systems.

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Electric Bus CO2 Heat Pumps Should Be Optimized for Cooling in the U.S. to Increase Range, Says Trane Technologies USA

The 16th Gustav Lorentzen Conference featured presentations focused on increasing the performance of CO2 and R290 heat pumps in MAC.

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Echogen CO2 Heat Pump

Echogen Power Systems to Develop 500kW CO2 High-Temperature Heat Pump With $3M U.S. DOE Award

The company will build a pilot-scale system capable of generating over 300°C air from ambient sources for industrial applications.

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James Seabrook, Vitalis, presenting on CO2 heat pumps in Canada at AMTO America 2024.

ATMO America: Vitalis to Install 1.5MW CO2 Heat Pump at Canadian University

The air-source heat pump will serve the University of British Columbia’s ambient low-temperature district energy system to provide heating and cooling.

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Giacomo Pisano, Dorin, presenting the company's compressors for CO2 heat pumps at ATMO America Summit 2024.

ATMO America: New Compressor Technology Expands CO2 Heat Pump Operating Envelope, Says Dorin

By improving thermal insulation, Dorin can reduce discharge temperatures to ensure efficient heat pump operation in colder climates.

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Itomic CO2 Heat Pump

Itomic’s Large-Scale CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater Approved for Australian Government Rebates

Local distributor Automatic Heating discussed the savings available for the Revere CHP-80Y unit at ARBS 2024.

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DOE Ultra-low GWP

ATMO America: DOE Invites HVAC&R Stakeholders to Join Work Groups for Early Introduction of Ultra-Low GWP Refrigerants

Refrigerant leaks and efficiencies account for one-sixth of a building’s emissions, says DOE’s Deputy Director of Building Technologies.

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Fenagy CO2 District Heating

In 9 Months, Fenagy Built and Connected a 7MW CO2 Heat Pump to a Town’s District Heating Network

With a 13MW system currently in production, Fenagy sees CO2 as a ‘perfect’ fit for the demand for green district heating in Europe.

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Fenagy Heat Pumps

Fenagy Shows Off 3MW CO2 Heat Pump Rack and New 1MW Isobutane Heat Pump in Exclusive Factory Tour Video

The Danish manufacturer is ready to meet the European demand for large-scale heat pumps.

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Dorin CO2 Compressors China

Sales of Dorin’s Transcritical CO2 Compressors in China Have Tripled in the Past Five Years

Lucy Luo, Lead Sales Rep for Shanghai Dorin, told NaturalRefrigerants.com that CO2 makes up half of the company’s compressor sales.

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The new electric Ford Explorer will be available in late 2024. (Source: Ford)

New Electric Ford Explorer Features Optional CO2 Heat Pump

Ford’s new SUV uses Volkswagen’s modular electric drive matrix platform and will be available in Europe from summer 2024.

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